In general, shotcrete is used in underground mining for ground control with a design life for supporting the ground ranging from a few weeks to 50+ years.

Common approaches for strength design of shotcrete linings in mining applications are analytical (comparison of potential load actions and load resistance) and empirical (based largely past experiences).

Recently, underground coal mines in Australia have begun using an increasing amount of shotcrete linings for ground stabilisation. The justification is that shotcrete is capable of both stabilising ground, controlling gas levels, and limiting coal dust with one single application. It also tends to last for the duration of mining and requires minimal maintenance.

Also see: Concrete Institute of Australia - Shotcreting in Australia